Encephalocele and CSF Leak
Encephalocele and CSF Leak Services
At Spokane ENT, we provide specialized care for encephaloceles, rare congenital or acquired conditions where brain tissue and meninges protrude through defects in the skull base into the ear, nasal cavity, or other adjacent structures. Encephaloceles can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life due to trauma, surgery, or other acquired causes. These complex skull base defects can lead to serious complications including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, recurrent meningitis, hearing loss, and neurological symptoms. Our team performs comprehensive evaluation including detailed history taking, physical examination, and advanced imaging studies to accurately diagnose and characterize these conditions.
We utilize advanced imaging techniques including high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the skull base defect, assess the extent of brain tissue herniation, and identify associated abnormalities. Our specialists work closely with neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists to obtain precise anatomical information and develop comprehensive treatment plans. We also perform specialized testing including beta-2 transferrin analysis of fluid samples to confirm the presence of cerebrospinal fluid leaks, which is critical for proper diagnosis and management of these complex conditions.
Our team offers expert surgical repair of encephaloceles using advanced skull base surgical techniques. Depending on the location and extent of the defect, we may utilize endoscopic endonasal approaches, transmastoid approaches, or combined approaches in collaboration with neurosurgeons. These delicate procedures involve careful identification and preservation of critical structures including cranial nerves, blood vessels, and brain tissue, while repairing the skull base defect and preventing recurrence. Our surgeons have extensive experience with these complex procedures and work closely with a multidisciplinary team to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize the risk of complications such as CSF leaks, infections, and neurological deficits.
Encephalocele and CSF Leak Resources
Frequently Asked Questions
An encephalocele is a defect where brain tissue or its covering protrudes through an opening in the skull. In the skull base, it can cause CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) leaks and recurrent meningitis.
A CSF leak is when cerebrospinal fluid escapes from the space around the brain, often through a skull base defect. It can cause watery nasal drainage, headaches, or increase infection risk.
Treatment usually requires surgical repair to close the defect and stop the leak. Endoscopic techniques allow repair through the nose in many cases, avoiding open craniotomy.
Symptoms may include clear, watery nasal drainage (especially when leaning forward), salty taste, headaches, or recurrent meningitis. See an ENT if you have these symptoms.
Seek evaluation if you have persistent clear nasal drainage, especially after head trauma or surgery, or recurrent bouts of meningitis. Prompt diagnosis and repair reduce the risk of serious infection.